Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

PMS includes a variety of symptoms, such as:

Emotional and Behavioral Symptoms: These include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, and difficulty concentrating. Women may also experience changes in appetite and sleep patterns, as well as feelings of being overwhelmed or out of control.

Physical Symptoms: These include bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, joint or muscle pain, fatigue, and weight gain due to fluid retention. Women may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation or diarrhea.

The exact cause of PMS is not well understood, but several factors are believed to contribute:

Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle are thought to be a primary cause of PMS symptoms.

Chemical Changes in the Brain: Changes in the levels of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, which regulates mood, can contribute to PMS symptoms. Low levels of serotonin are linked to feelings of sadness and irritability, as well as fatigue and sleep issues.

Lifestyle Factors: Stress, lack of exercise, and poor diet can exacerbate PMS symptoms. High intake of caffeine, alcohol, and sugary or salty foods may also worsen symptoms.

Genetic Predisposition: PMS can run in families, suggesting that genetics may play a role in its occurrence.

Diagnosing PMS typically involves:

Symptom Tracking: Keeping a diary of symptoms over several menstrual cycles can help identify patterns and confirm a PMS diagnosis.
Medical History and Examination: A healthcare provider will review your medical history and perform a physical examination to rule out other conditions that could cause similar symptoms.
Exclusion of Other Conditions: Conditions such as thyroid disorders, depression, and anxiety disorders need to be excluded as they can mimic PMS symptoms.

PMS can significantly impact a woman's daily life, affecting her ability to work, engage in social activities, and maintain relationships. The severity of symptoms can vary, with some women experiencing mild discomfort and others dealing with debilitating symptoms.

PMS can significantly impact a woman's daily life, affecting her ability to work, engage in social activities, and maintain relationships. The severity of symptoms can vary, with some women experiencing mild discomfort and others dealing with debilitating symptoms.

Effective management of PMS involves a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and medical treatments:

Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, stress management techniques, and adequate sleep can help reduce PMS symptoms.
Dietary Adjustments: Eating a balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, while reducing intake of caffeine, alcohol, and sugar, can alleviate symptoms.
Medical Treatments: Over-the-counter pain relievers, hormonal treatments such as birth control pills, and antidepressants can be prescribed to manage severe symptoms.

A PMS clinic appointment with Dr Giada Frontino involves a detailed evaluation of your symptoms and overall health related to PMS. This consultation helps identify the triggers and provides strategies to manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.

Consultation: Dr Frontino will assess your medical history and discuss your PMS symptoms and concerns.
Examination: A physical examination may be performed if necessary.
Diagnostic Tests: Additional tests, such as blood tests to check hormone levels, may be recommended.
Discussion: Dr Frontino will explain the findings and discuss potential care options and treatments.
Follow-up: A personalised treatment plan will be developed, and follow-up appointments may be scheduled if necessary.

Aftercare involves following the recommendations provided by Dr Frontino, which may include lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, or prescribed treatments. Regular follow-up appointments help monitor your progress and ensure you are effectively managing PMS symptoms.