Knee Pain

The causes of knee pain can be broadly categorised into injuries, mechanical issues, and underlying medical conditions. Acute injuries, such as ligament sprains, meniscus tears, and fractures, are common causes of knee pain in athletes or individuals engaged in high-impact activities. These injuries often occur due to sudden trauma, falls, or twisting motions that strain or damage the knee structures.
Mechanical issues, such as patellar tracking problems, flat feet, or muscle imbalances, can also contribute to knee pain by placing abnormal stress on the joint. Over time, this can lead to conditions like patellofemoral pain syndrome, commonly known as “runner’s knee.”
Underlying conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout are chronic causes of knee pain that lead to joint inflammation, cartilage degeneration, and stiffness. These conditions are more common in older adults but can affect individuals of any age, especially those with a family history or prior knee injuries.

Diagnosing knee pain typically involves a physical examination, where the clinician will assess the knee’s range of motion, stability, and areas of tenderness. Observing the knee during various movements can help identify structural or mechanical issues. A thorough review of the patient’s activity level and medical history also helps in understanding possible contributing factors.
Imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRI, and ultrasound, are often used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of damage within the knee. X-rays provide a clear view of bone alignment, joint space, and any signs of arthritis. MRI scans offer detailed imaging of soft tissues, including ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, making it easier to detect tears, inflammation, or degeneration. Ultrasound is particularly useful for identifying fluid accumulation and visualising dynamic movements within the knee joint.
In some cases, blood tests may be conducted to rule out inflammatory or autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout, which may contribute to knee pain.

Treatment for knee pain depends on the underlying cause, severity, and the patient’s lifestyle needs. Initial treatments typically include rest, ice application, and over-the-counter pain relievers to manage mild pain and inflammation. Modifying activities that aggravate the knee is essential to allow healing and prevent further strain.
Physical therapy is a key component of knee pain management, with exercises that strengthen the muscles surrounding the knee joint, improve flexibility, and correct imbalances. Strengthening the quadriceps and hamstrings helps stabilise the knee, reducing stress on the joint and supporting better function. In cases where posture or gait contributes to knee pain, ergonomic adjustments and gait training may be recommended.
Non-surgical treatments like corticosteroid injections can provide temporary relief from inflammation in cases of arthritis or chronic knee pain. Hyaluronic acid injections, which help lubricate the joint, are also effective for osteoarthritis, offering longer-term pain relief. For severe cases, particularly when structural damage is involved, surgery may be recommended, such as arthroscopic repair or knee replacement. Post-surgical rehabilitation is essential to restore mobility and strengthen the knee.

Booking an initial consultation at The Clinica is the first step toward diagnosing and managing knee pain effectively. During this consultation, our specialist will conduct a detailed assessment, discussing your symptoms, reviewing your medical history, and identifying any activities that may contribute to knee pain. A comprehensive physical examination of the knee joint will help determine the location and severity of the pain.
If necessary, imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound will be arranged to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment. Following this assessment, a personalised treatment plan will be developed, focusing on pain relief, rehabilitation, and strategies to prevent recurrence, ensuring a structured approach to long-term knee health.